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In this paper, a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) and automated search method for optimum network structure are developed to control an active suspension system (ASS). The network was trained through supervised learning usin...
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In this paper, a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) and automated search method for optimum network structure are developed to control an active suspension system (ASS). The network was trained through supervised learning using the backpropagation algorithm. The training data were generated from an optimal proportional-integral-derivative controller tuned based on a full state feedback optimal controller. The trained network was implemented in an ASS test rig for a quarter-car model and was initially tested in simulation under parameter uncertainties. Experimental results showed that the developed DNN controller outperforms the optimal controller under uncertainties in terms of reducing the sprung mass acceleration and actuator energy consumption, with a 4% and 14% reduction, respectively.
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This work reports the first use of a room-temperature curing epoxy resin to produce microscopic arrays of ordered 2-D structures via electrohydrodynamic instability (EHD) patterning. The measured spacing of these structures, and t...
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This work reports the first use of a room-temperature curing epoxy resin to produce microscopic arrays of ordered 2-D structures via electrohydrodynamic instability (EHD) patterning. The measured spacing of these structures, and the formation of novel `starburst' shapes, support a leaky dielectric theoretical model over perfect dielectric ones. The existence of the starbursts implies that traces of ionic residues in the uncured epoxy should be taken into account in any model of the patterning process, and their formation implies that mobile surface charges arising from trace ionic impurities must be considered when seeking to achieve smaller length-scale structures in epoxy by EHD using flat electrodes. Samples patterned in the pm range showed mid infrared spectral features with wavelength maxima that broadly scaled with the pillar spacings in the films.
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The design process requires coordination between professions that have different ways of seeing. Using ethnographic data from a building project, this paper explores how architects and engineers mobilize visual objects to coordina...
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The design process requires coordination between professions that have different ways of seeing. Using ethnographic data from a building project, this paper explores how architects and engineers mobilize visual objects to coordinate their professional visions around a design issue. The findings articulate the visual practices whereby design professionals move from a fragmented towards a shared professional vision. In this move, they cease looking at the design issue from within their disciplinary perspective, and begin taking inspiration from each other's. They further adjust the emergent shared professional vision, by iteratively narrowing and broadening its focus. The paper contributes to the practice perspective in design studies, explaining how different ways of seeing are coordinated through practical engagement with visual objects. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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To examine the effects of dysfunction of specific musculature of the shank a reliable and valid protocol can be used to induce a localised fatigue effect. A localised dynamometry based protocol was developed to illicit a fatigue e...
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To examine the effects of dysfunction of specific musculature of the shank a reliable and valid protocol can be used to induce a localised fatigue effect. A localised dynamometry based protocol was developed to illicit a fatigue effect in either plantar flexors or dorsiflexors. An isokinetic protocol allowing for movement through the full range of motion, set at an angular velocity of 45 degrees s(-1), was used to allow fatigue to be developed. Fatigue was established when three consecutive torque measures dropped below 50% of the average three peak contractions. Bouts of activity were based on a ratio of 40 contractions interspaced with a 30 s rest. Results suggest that the protocol elicited a fatigue effect in the prime movers of either plantar flexion or dorsiflexion, supported through the analysis of power spectral density and amplitude shift of surface electromyography measures. The protocol demonstrated sound reliability with Interclass Correlation scores for all measures ranging from 0.441-0.962. The protocol is a valid and repeatable process for establishing muscular weakness in the working muscles of either plantar or dorsi flexion, as observed in the fatigued state. This can allow further examination of the effects of a localised muscular weakness on daily living tasks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in metabolic variables, running energetics and spatiotemporal gait parameters during an 80.5 km treadmill ultramarathon and establish which key predictive variable...
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Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in metabolic variables, running energetics and spatiotemporal gait parameters during an 80.5 km treadmill ultramarathon and establish which key predictive variables best determine ultramarathon performance.
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Introduction: It is important for sarcoma patients to receive the correct dose of Mesna as an adjuvant with ifosfamide to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis. This paper describes a study conducted to evaluate the physicochemi...
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Introduction: It is important for sarcoma patients to receive the correct dose of Mesna as an adjuvant with ifosfamide to reduce the risk of hemorrhagic cystitis. This paper describes a study conducted to evaluate the physicochemical stability of Mesna for injection formulation over 14 days. Methods: Mesna samples (n=4, 20mg/ml) were incubated in glass vials at 37+0.5oC. Mesna concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to detect degradation products. Evaporative losses and pH were also monitored. Results: Our results differed from those published in existing literature. Both LC-MS/MS and NMR indicated that Mesna was unstable. The mean percentage decrease in Mesna concentration was 40% by day 14 of the analysis. The presence of Mesna's dimer Dimesna was detected on day 0 and its concentration increased over time. Dimesna was the only by-product identified. Conclusion: Both LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses confirmed the instability of Mesna and its conversion into Dimesna.
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Background: Testing ocular tolerability of ocular pharmaceuticals is an essential regulatory requirement. The current approved reference model (gold standard) for ocular irritation testing is the Draize test. However this method i...
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Background: Testing ocular tolerability of ocular pharmaceuticals is an essential regulatory requirement. The current approved reference model (gold standard) for ocular irritation testing is the Draize test. However this method is subjective and involves using live animals, hence the need to develop alternative in vitro and ex vivo testing strategies.
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Creation of more physiologically relevant cell models in tissue culture is a requisite for advancing medical. research. It can involve complex substrates, expensive manufacturing and largely inaccessible methods of increasing surf...
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Creation of more physiologically relevant cell models in tissue culture is a requisite for advancing medical. research. It can involve complex substrates, expensive manufacturing and largely inaccessible methods of increasing surface energy and patterning of materials that may be unnecessary in many circumstances. An array of various different adherent cell lines (human, mammalian, healthy and disease states) were grown on simple sterilised but otherwise untreated thin film surfaces as well as on electro-hydrodynamically patterned surfaces to produce topographically patterned culture surfaces. Room temperature cure epoxy resin and unmodified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film surfaces were used for cell growth and morphological observations. Differing responses in growth, morphology and adherence were observed in a surface- and cell-specific manner. With no complex and expensive modifications required, we demonstrate the application of novel, suitable and easily patterned materials for use in more advanced tissue culture applications for a variety of clinically relevant cell lines showing unique responses and potentially new and wide-reaching applications. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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